Introduction
Less than ten days ago, a deadly earthquake devastated the Iranian city of Bam, killing more than 30,000 people and injuring another 50,000. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern Iranian history, and similar in destruction to the Roudbar earthquake in northern Iran in 1990. Historical information and all available records show that approximately 130 large earthquakes have taken place in most parts of Iran. Considering the high seismicity of Iran, a comprehensive hazard reduction program was launched in Iran in 1991, but the effectiveness of the measures have been limited by lack of adequate funding and institutional coordination. There is no lack of probabilistic studies on the seismicity of the country as well as fault studies. Comprehensive studies have been performed by Berberian (1999, 2001), Amiri et al. (2003), Sarkar et al. (2003), Modarressi (2002), Walker (2002) and Tehranizadeh (2001, 2002). A more detailed bibliography is presented at the end of this document.

Aerial and Spaceborne Ten-Year Trends
USGS 2008-2018 Africa Remote Sensing Study

Africa is a continent as large as China, India, Argentina, the United States of America and Western Europe combined. With a population of over 922 million (as of 2005 and projected by the United Nations to reach one billion by 2010) Africa has four main regional languages (i.e. English, French, Portuguese and Arabic) and almost 200 local languages. The three largest countries in Africa in terms of population are Nigeria (133 million as of 2006), Egypt (79 million) and Ethiopia (77 million). Africa faces some of the greatest geospatial data needs and issues found anywhere in the world, considering the high levels of poverty, deforestation and desertification, coupled with the political and societal unrest in individual countries. The USGS 2008 Africa Remote Sensing Study received an excellent response rate of 377 respondents from over 30 countries; as compared to a 2005 GIS study in Africa that focused on 600 qualified GIS professionals and resulted in 62 responses from 18 countries. Much of that low response was due to lack of telecommunication infrastructure. The USGS 2008 survey is an excellent sign that wireless technology is making some advances and allowing greater access to the internet and to geospatial data, although infrastructure is still an issue in Africa.

Abstract: The semi-arid region of the Aurès presents an undeniable diversity of flora and fauna, however weather conditions and actual adverse anthropogenic, caused degradation of the physical environment, which have the form of a regression in the natural forest cover. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of satellite images in detecting changes in land use and monitoring of the degradation processes in the southern part of the Aurès region. As far as that goes, we used images: Landsat ETM + for 2001 and TM 1987.These last cover the southern region of the Aurès which presents a landscape exposed to the phenomena of degradation including forest Beni-Mloul, Dj.Mezbel and Dj khaddou Ahmar, characterized by endemic species. The adopted step is to treat multi-dates satellite imagery by the method of supervised classification of Maximum likelihood to see global changes of land use that have occurred in this area.

The HIVmapper is an interactive GIS mapping tool which allows users to quickly create maps based on MEASURE DHS data found in the HIV/AIDS Survey Indicators Database.

Use maps to tell stories and explain trends. For example, maps can help to describe the HIV situation in Tanzania. Below are four maps that describe HIV prevalence in Tanzania and in the region. Click on thumbnail images to see maps in HIVmapper.

INTRODUCTION
The success of tourism in any country depends on the ability of that country to sufficiently develop, manage and market the tourism facilities and activities in that country (Briassoulis and Straaten, 1999). In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), tourism is one of the industries with the strongest effect on the economy because it helps in developing other sectors. According to statistics supplied by Department of Economic Development in the Emirate of Ras al Khaimah (RAK) (2007), tourism in the Northern part of the UAE contributes about two percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Department of Economic Development, 2007). The tourism sector is estimated to have generated 19 billion US dollars in 2007 for the UAE (Alittihad, 2008). The UAE Government in her quest to diversify her mono-cultural economy, which is heavily dependent on petroleum export, has decided to take some measures to promote travel and tourism (Ministry of Economy, 2007). The aims of these measures to make the UAE the ultimate tourism destination in the Middle East and to make tourism one of the greatest foreign exchange earners in an oil dependent economy.

Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object through the analysis of data
acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object (Lillesand and Keifer, 1994). Remotely sensed data can be of many forms, including variations in force distribution, acoustic wave distribution or electromagnetic energy distributions and can be obtained from a variety of platforms, including satellite, airplanes, remotely pilot vehicles, handheld radiometers or even bucket trucks. They may be gathered by different devices, including sensors, film camera, digital cameras, video recorders. Our eyes acquire data on variations in electromagnetic radiations. Instruments capable of measuring electromagnetic radiation are called sensors. Sensors can be differentiated in two main groups: Passive sensors: without their own source of radiation. They are sensitive only to radiation from a natural origin. Active sensors: which have a built in source of radiation. Examples are Radar (Radio detection and ranging) and Lidar (Light detection and ranging) systems.

Abstract

Marginalisierung der Landwirtschaft, verbunden mit Bewirtschaftungsaufgaben landwirtschaftlicher Flächen und der Ausdehnung der Waldflächen, führt zu wesentlichen Änderungen der Land(wirt)schaft. Der Beitrag untersucht am Fallbeispiel zweier oberösterreichischer Katastralgemeinden (Trattenbach in Ternbeg und Prandegg in Schönau), auf der Maßstabsebene von Einzelparzellen, welche sozioökonomischen und biophysikalischen Faktoren einen Rückzug aus der agrarischen Flächenbewirtschaftung fördern. Landschafts- und Parzellencharakteristika wie Exposition und Bodenbonität spielen im Entscheidungsprozess über die künftige Flächennutzung ebenso eine hochsignifikante Rolle, wie auch sozioökonomische (Erwerbsform, Arbeitskapazitäten, Hofnachfolge, Alter, ÖPUL-Teilnahme) Faktoren. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war es, ein GIS-gestütztes Verfahren zu entwickeln, welches es ermöglicht, jenes Risiko abzuschätzen, mit dem Agrarflächen in Zukunft aus der agrarischen Nutzung fallen.

Summary
Geospatial information is data referenced to a place—a set of geographic coordinates—which can often be gathered, manipulated, and displayed in real time. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information. In recent years consumer demand has skyrocketed for geospatial information and for tools like GIS to manipulate and display geospatial information. Global Positioning System (GPS) data and their integration with digital maps has led to the popular handheld or dashboard navigation devices used daily by millions. The federal government and policy makers increasingly use geospatial information and tools like GIS for
producing floodplain maps, conducting the Census, mapping foreclosures, and responding to natural hazards such as wildfires and hurricanes. For policy makers, this type of analysis can greatly assist in clarifying complex problems that may involve local, state, and federal government, and affect businesses, residential areas, and federal installations.

Peter Folger
Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy
June 8, 2009

Der Begriff Landschaft findet nicht nur in der Geographie Anwendung, sondern auch in vielen anderen Disziplinen, wie in der Malerei, der Philosophie oder der Literatur, vor allem aber im nichtwissenschaftlichen allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch. Hier wird der Begriff „Landschaft“ im Sinne von „Erdraum“ verwendet. Die Geographie grenzt den Begriff weiter ein und definiert ihn, um auf den Funktionszusammenhang von Geosphäre, Biosphäre und Anthroposphäre hinzuweisen, als Landschaftsökosystem, das sich als ein Wirkungsgefüge im Raum präsentiert und unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsmöglichkeiten unterliegen kann. Eine sehr umfangreiche deutsche Fachliteratur entstand über und um den Begriff ‚Landschaft’. Ohne sie hier nachzeichnen zu wollen, sei auf die ausführliche Diskussion bei Schmitthüsen (1976: 73 ff.) hingewiesen.

Der Landschaftsbegriff von Forman und Godron (Landscape Ecology) wird von uns übernommen, die Landschaft definieren als „(…) a heterogeneous land area composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems that is repeated in similar form throughout. Landscapes vary in size down to a few kilometres in diameter.” (Forman & Godron 1986: 11).

Die Landschaft wurde ein wichtiger Forschungsgegenstand der Ökologie in Deutschland. Der Begriff der Landschaftsökologie wurde erstmals 1939 von Carl Troll in die wissenschaftliche Terminologie eingeführt (Leser 1997: 24). Die Landschaftsökologie kann als das Studium des gesamten in einem bestimmten Landschaftsausschnitt herrschenden komplexen Wirkungsgefüges zwischen den Lebensgemeinschaften (Biozönosen) und ihren Umweltbedingungen verstanden werden (Leser 1997: 25). Die weitere Entwicklung der Landschaftsökologie war eng an die Diskussion um den Landschaftsbegriff gebunden. Innerhalb der Landschaftsphysiologie wurde die Landschaft als die Synthese einer Vielzahl von Landschaftselementen definiert. Diese Definition des Landschaftsbegriffs war für die Entwicklung der Landschaftsökologie von großer Bedeutung.

Um eine Landschaftsbewertung durchführen zu können, müssen Strukturen, Prozesse und Veränderungen in der Landschaft untersucht werden. Dies ist das Arbeitsfeld der Landschaftsökologie, die sich als ein System multidisziplinärer wissenschaftlicher Denkansätze und Methoden versteht. Dieses System befasst sich mit den Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Faktoren, die in einem Landschaftsökosystem zusammenwirken und sich funktional in der Landschaft repräsentieren (Finke 1994: 9 ff.).

Das Ziel besteht darin, wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlagen zugunsten einer nachhaltigen, die natürlichen Ressourcen bewahrenden Landnutzung zu liefern (Bastian und Schreiber 1994: 17). Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung stehen die anthropogenen Veränderungen und deren Weiterentwicklung durch bestehende und künftige Nutzungen, die zu Belastungen des Ökosystems, aber auch zu Stabilisierungen führen können.  Laut Leser (1997: 37) erweist sich diese (Landscape Ecology) als etwas selektiv arbeitend, verfügt allerdings über einen starken Bezug zur Fernerkundung.

Synersys Support

Abstract

The productivity of forest sites has been indirectly determined with solo wood production objective in forest management. Forest site productivity should, however, be determined directly in order to implement ecosystem based multipurpose forest management philosophy. This article tackles the problem in distinguishing and mapping forest sites using both direct method and indirect method in Genya Mountain located in central of Artvin State Forest Enterprise. About 112 sample plots were designed and distributed over the area. In each sample plot, soil samples were collected and the classical timber inventory measurements were taken.

Received: 26 October 2006 / Accepted: 30 March 2007 / Published online: 13 June 2007
# Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007

A submission to Infrastructure Australia

AUSTRALIAN SPATIAL INFORMATION ASSOCIATION

The Australian Spatial Information Business Association represents the spatial information industry’s interests on issues specific to spatial businesses. The members are significant producers, managers and users of spatial data infrastructure and provide value- added services to government and industry. However the industry and its productive relationship with the Australian community, face some serious constraints in the development and use of spatial data infrastructure that should be addressed urgently.

15/10/2008

Forschung in der Geodäsie und Geoinformatik

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill
Universität Rostock Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät Institut für Management ländlicher Räume Professur für Geodäsie und Geoinformatik

Snohomish County Focus on Farming Preserving Our Roots, Planting our Future

Q: What types of maps and GIS data are available?
A: Planning and Development Services has created a number of interactive maps (available on line) and printed maps that are available to the public. You may also find maps created by other departments to be helpful.

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem zunehmenden Anbau von Bt-Mais in Deutschland steigt das Risiko der Anpassung von heimischen Populationen des Maiszünslers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), an Toxine von Bacillus thuringiensis. Durch das Anlegen von Refugien mit anfälligem Mais soll dieser Entwicklung nachhaltig begegnet werden.

Hier finden Sie alle Fachbegriffe zum gewählten Anfangsbuchstaben

Wenn Sie nach Erläuterungen von Abkürzungen und englischen Wörtern suchen, nutzen Sie bitte die Datenbanksuche.

Universität Rostock

Center for Landscape Ecology and Sustainablity Science

The natural situation of the area is water, temperature and vegetation cover are synchronous. Soil are and vegetation cover are synchronous. Soil are protected by plants during rainstorm season.

Rahmenbedingungen, Aufgaben, Perspektiven

Dr. Torsten Lipp Lehrstuhl für Landschaftsplanung Universität Potsdam

IALE-AG Landschaftsstrukturmaße Workshop -6. April 2006 -Berlin

Landschaftsplanung:
-ist angewandte Landschaftsökologie
-ist ökologische Querschnittsplanung
-ist räumliche Umweltplanung, die auf die Multifunktionalität der
Landschaft unter der Prämisse einer nachhaltigen Landnutzung abzielt
(zit. in Riedel, Lange 2002, verändert)

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IDRISI Andes

is an integrated GIS and Image Processing software solution providing over 250 modules for the analysis and display of digital spatial information. IDRISI offers the most extensive set of GIS and Image Processing tools in the industry in a single, affordable package.