Proper use from water resources, especially in arid and semi arid of Iranian rangeland are very important. In this area water is one of a valuable ecosystem component. The study was conducted in Ghareh Aghach watershed region is located, Isfahan province, in central part of Iran. Four criteria’s of water quality, water quantity, water distance and livestock information were integrated to water resources suitability for goats grazing. According to the results, water distance and accessibility to water is a most declining factor for suitability. A quality and quantity factor is a no limiting factor in part of study area. The results show that from 7158.69 ha of studied rangelands, 6245.93 ha (87.25%) classified as S1 class (with no limitation), 810.58 ha (11.32%) classified as S2 class (with low limitation), and 102.3 ha (1.43%) classified as N class (non suitable). Based up on slope classes, areas that far from water point more than 75% of slope is not suitable and less than 15% are very suitable. Good distribution of water resources increases water suitability and cause better and monotonous utilization of rangeland.

Nitrogen Fluxes through Unsaturated Zones in Five Agricultural Settings across the United States

The main physical and chemical controls on nitrogen (N) fluxes between the root zone and the water table were determined for agricultural sites in California, Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska, and Washington from 2004 to 2005. Sites included irrigated and nonirrigated fields; soil textures ranging from clay to sand; crops including corn, soybeans, almonds, and pasture; and unsaturated zone thicknesses ranging from 1 to 22 m. Chemical analyses of water from lysimeters and shallow wells indicate that advective transport of nitrate is the dominant process aff ecting the flux of N below the root zone.