Abstract
Evapotranspiration monitoring allows us to assess the environmental stress on forest and agricultural ecosystems. Nowadays, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are the main techniques used for calculating evapotranspiration at 5 catchment and regional scales. In this study we present a methodology, based on the energy balance equation (B-method), that combines remote sensing imagery with GIS climate modelling to estimate daily evapotranspiration (ETd) for several dates between 2003 and 2005. The three main variables needed to compute ETd were obtained as follows: (i) Land surface temperature by means of the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 10 ETM+ thermal band, (ii) air temperature by means of multiple regression analysis and spatial interpolation from meteorological ground stations data at satellite pass, and (iii) net radiation by means of the radiative balance.

Summary
An increasing need for a 3D GIS is observed in many areas in the last several years that challenges researchers and vendors to find a solution for maintenance and analysis of 3D data. Advances in the field of software and hardware development warranty the “luxury” to operate with the third dimension. Based on some recent software achievements, the paper presents a client-server approach for a 3D GIS. The approach permits query and analysis of spatial and semantic information by remote users across the Web. The data are hosted in a DBMS according to a specially designed conceptual schema, which allows storage of geometry, attributes, spatial relationships and behaviour of object. The approach is based on established Web mechanisms to control the access to the database and create documents on the fly. The new aspect is the elaborated employment of VRML for visualisation, query and exploration of 3D data. A GUI on the client site provides the users with means (fill-out forms) to specify SQL queries and visualise 3D outcomes in virtual reality environment. A prototype system and a number of examples validate the proposed concepts.

ABSTRACT
Web-based GIS is increasingly utilized in health organizations to share and visualize georeferenced health data through the Web. In the development of a public information and disease surveillance network, issues of data publishing and user access are important concerns. The handling of data heterogeneity, lack of available data and tools, and methods of health information representation constitute continuing challenges. The purpose of this research is to address these three problems and provide new solutions for health information sharing.

Abstract:

GIS is one of the important sciences in these years. This highlights the importance of spatial factor in decision making in real estate. The purpose of this study is to use GIS to find house to rent simply by applying inquires and to find satisfaction locations. This study focuses on the rent prices in Abu-Dhabi Island. By using web-page browsing, it will help to choose a house that has the biggest weight and ranked the entire selections form most likely match to lowest match. So the user can see the report and select the optimal case that matches their needs. A list of selected range price will be shown to the user to select. A map with colored symbols according to the prices will be generated, and also it shows the targeted buildings that match the user needs. Then the user can choose and judge for the most advantageous case for them. The user can search by price, buildings name, apartment size and number of rooms. This project is one of the GIS applications that could help people in searching for new apartment to live in. For other people such as brokers, they could promote their buildings in the system.

Summary
In the past, mobile communication devices (such as cell phones) have not been utilized in flood forecasting and warning due to limitations in technology that have limited the ability of forecasters to gather and interpret geographical data in near real-time. This paper presents a prototype that integrates a GIS (geographic information system) with a hydrological model. It is a mobile mapping application for J2ME-enabled mobile communication devices that allows those in the flood forecasting, prevention, and related fields to execute programs and run mapping functions from a server using their mobile device. The proposed client-server network application uses mobile devices to connect to a server via the Internet. This study also evaluates the usability of the system using an in-lab tests.

ABSTRACT
Housing in Potsdam varies from flats in redeveloped prefabricated high-rise buildings to apartments in historical townhouses to condominiums in Germany’s first gated community. Increasing demographic development and a stagnant public housing sector generate potential for spatial conflicts. For the time being in-depth GIS-based spatial analysis of the housing market lacks. This article analyses spatial trends and distribution patterns of the Potsdam housing market, using geostatistical methods implemented in free opensource geographic information systems (FOS GIS). To assemble a spatially differentiated picture of the housing market, methods such as spatial interpolation techniques and spatial declustering are applied. The analysis presented here is based on a representative sample of recent housing market data from 2009. The study provides a basis for discussion of a generic approach to housing market analysis based on free opensource geoinformation systems.

- Objective
- To make more information available to remote-sensing systems using autonomous or semi-autonomous   robotic solutions.

- Specifically, provide higher-resolution shape and slope characteristics of terrain than currently offered.
- Strategy
- Intelligently collect changes in terrain using robotic technology.

ABSTRACT

A model was developed within a GIS environment using the transverse spread pattern and GPS driving track
during spreading to map actual fertilizer application at any point in a paddock. The spreading vehicle required a GPS of sufficient accuracy in order to provide proof of placement and guidance assistance to the driver. The method was used to assess the effect of field size and shape on actual application rate and application variation. At a target application rate of 80 kg ha−1, measured application rates ranged from 51.8 to 106.7 kg ha−1 of urea (46% N) fertilizer over 102 paddocks on four farms. Average field variation calculated over all paddocks was 37.9%. Irregular-shaped paddocks were found to have higher application variation (40.8%) compared to regular-shaped paddocks (35.9%). Hot spot analysis was performed to identify areas receiving statistically significant high and low application rates.

Abstract
Topic of this paper is the usage of the multidisciplinary GIS platform for Design of Building Structures and GIS platform for education at the Brno University of Technology (BUT). The GIS technology has been made use of at BUT Brno in a limited extent since as early as the 90’s, but as it was out of acceptable price range the utilization in greater extent was not possible. With the support of research projects the GIS platform became part and parcel of accredited study programmes at BUT Brno three years ago. Current informatics infrastructure was completed with necessary systems Geomedia 6.0 (Intergraph) and Arc/Info (ESRI), which are commonly widespread platforms. On initiation of Institute of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering GIS data warehouse has been established for the needs of tuition at BUT Brno, it contains all types of basic maps of CR and other types of data (ZABAGED, Orthophoto, BM – CR of various scales, cadastral maps, purpose-built maps, historical maps, special data – laser scanning, DMT, satellite data and others) in the localities of interest. The data warehouse is continuously supplemented. A part of GIS platform is a catalogue of maps containing fragments of cadastral, civilian and military map works since 1825 till now.

ABSTRACT
India can improve its per capita income ranking through better management of its rich resources by the use of Geo Information technologies. GIS, Remote Sensing, GPS, Cartography and other related technologies have emerged as highly complementary tools of providing integrated and total solutions. Liberalisation process started in 1991 and the initiatives of Department of Space in granting recognition to a host of private companies provided a boost to privatisation in GI field in India. Massive investments in cadastral surveys thematic mapping infrastructure and agriculture sectors are expected to generate over 21,000 million rupees worth of GI related work in the coming 5 years. Beginning from 1927 the use of Arial Photography evolved from simple manual techniques to the modern softcopy systems. Photogrammetry served the country in mapping on standard scales of 1:25,000 ; 1:50,000 and 1:250,000. GIS applications are operational both in the government and private sectors, thanks to the indigenously available IRS data with spatial resolution of 6 meters with stereo ability.

ABSTRACT
Mobile terrestrial mapping systems have seen remarkable developments recently. Fueled by an unprecedentedly strong demand for high-resolution and accurate 3D geospatial data, these systems serve the probably fastest growing market segment: city modeling. In particular, the recent introduction of powerful mobile laserscanning systems is of main interest, as the direct acquisition of 3D data greatly simplifies downstream processing, where until now stereobased extraction was the most widely used feature extraction tool, requiring significantly more complex processing compared to the straightforward processing of explicit LiDAR data. This paper reviews the recent developments in Mobile Mapping Technologies with a special focus on the mobile laserscanner sensor component.

Google Tech Talks May 1, 2007 ABSTRACT Introducing New Zealand’s Geospatial Research Centre Based in Christchurch, New Zealand, the Geospatial Research Centre (GRC) is a University-based group providing research and consultancy services in the fields of positioning and orientation, with particular expertise in sensor integration, image analysis, data visualisation and electronics.

Abstract
We developed flood simulation software, which works with geographic information systems, and applied the software to a flood-risk assessment of a commercial facility. The developed software provides an easy-to-use user interface, and rapidly and accurately simulates flood scenarios. Using the software, we assess risks at a facility of an entertainment complex. The facility is located on a flat plain surrounded by two rivers. Based on site investigations, three possible flood scenarios were considered. The simulations using the software revealed the most dangerous scenario; if a levee fails at the nearest river, then the water depth in the facility will be greater than 15 cm in just 10 minutes, and the water depth would rise to 50 cm in 1 hour.

ABSTRACT: Google Maps and Google Earth have put much of the functionality of Geographic Information Systems in the hands of the end users. Maritime users are just beginning to understand the power of map mashups that bring together diverse datasets to help mariners and those who manage the waterways to better understand the uses, risks, and impacts of vessel traffic on our nation’s waterways. I will present a number of data types ranging from raster images of ocean flow modeling, to vessel traffic over time captured by the marine Automatic Identification System, to real time right whale notices for  vessels approaching Boston Harbor.

ABSTRACT
Natural disasters are inevitable and Indian subcontinent is prone to all type of natural disaster, e.g., earthquake, flood, drought, cyclone, Tsunami, landslides, avalanche, forest fires, etc. The natural disasters can not be prevented fully but their impact can be minimized with sound disaster management strategy aided by the latest technological advancements in the field of Geoinformatics. GIS is a powerful tool which can be used to create integrated geo-database, visualize scenarios, develop advanced spatial models and effective solutions, prepare disaster zonation maps, and management plans. Remote sensing technology can be advantageously used for detailed monitoring even in near real-time and long-term relief management. Allahabad has now got the status of Metropolitan city and hence a disaster management plan is the need of the hour.

ABSTRACT
Sebinkarahisar Township which has been selected as study area is located between Black Sea and Central Anatolian Regions. Not only geological characters but also social life in the township had been affected by these two regions. History of the settlements goes back to early Hittite period. Even it was a province in the first years of Turkish Republic, today it is a township belongs to Giresun province. Landslide is one of the most effective natural disasters in the region. Due to wrong decisions of local authorities caused lots of damage, during the last two decades. Firmly some part of the city, which has the highest landslide risk, is prohibited for new settlement, and some studies (still at beginning level) had been carried out.

Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious diseases. Although it has been present for over 5000 years, it is still one of the most significant public health problems. Tuberculosis is defined as a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its incidence has increased and decreased over time, but it has always been a constant threat to public health. In the 1940’s some medicines were discovered to treat tuberculosis, so it slowly began to decrease. But then countries let their guard down, tuberculosis was neglected and so cases increased.

Understanding spatial relationships between determinants and outcomes of health care is important as the concept of population-based health care gains acceptance. A wide range of tools for understanding these spatial relationships is available to the family medicine researcher through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The power of GIS lies in its ability to display the spatial distribution of a health related predictor or outcome. These maps can then be used to either generate or test hypotheses that would not have otherwise occurred to the investigator without visualizing the spatial relationships. The type of GIS application used is dependent on the type of data the researcher has and the research question. The three most common types of data are point or event data, lattice data, and geostatistical data.

ABSTRACT
Forest fires are an important environmental concern worldwide, since they are the main source of land cover transformation in Tropical areas, and severely affect temperate forest, by transforming land protection factors, modifying biodiversity and the hydrological cycle and increasing soil erosion. Several attempts to assess fire danger conditions have been undertaken in the last years for different spatial and temporal scales. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite data are becoming more common in those attempts, since they provide a spatial comprehensive view of some fire danger factors.

Abstract: Problem statement: The areas of Faliraki and Delta Pinaeus river is presented with downgrade in natural resources that has a direct affect on the future development of these areas. The research investigated (i) whether land uses have downgraded the coastal areas (ii) to which degree the determination of land uses can play an important role in the reduction of environmental problems and in the protection of an area. Approach: An exploratory descriptive statistics and a comparative method were used on the employment in the productive sectors, built-up development and tourist development In addition to this, personal interviews took place with the people in charge of technical services of corresponding municipalities.